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Heraldry and its Symbolism

A

Acorn
The sign of theĀ acornĀ in heraldry has traditionally been used to indicate independence in its bearer. It can be found slipped and leaved; theĀ acorn-sprig is not uncommon as a crest and acorn-cups are represented alone.

TheĀ acornĀ is usually vert (green) but it can also be other colors.

Allocamelus
An allocamelus is a creature with the head of a donkey joined to the body of a camel. It is extremely uncommon in heraldry.

Amphiptere
AnĀ amphiptereĀ is a winged serpent found very rarely in heraldry, though it does exist as a supporter and as a charge on a shield occasionally.

Amphisboena
AnĀ amphisboenaĀ is a winged serpent with two legs and a head at both ends of its body; however, the drawing of this creature does not strictly follow this description.

It is very uncommon in heraldry.

Anchor
TheĀ anchorĀ is the emblem of salvation and hope. It is also an appropriate device for the coat of arms of a family with a seafaring tradition. It is a common figure in the English armor, which is not surprising given that Britain is an island.

It was even a device that was once born by King Richard I.

Maritime devices are found less often on the continent where many countries are essentially landlocked, but Cosmo de Medici, the Duke of Etruria is an example of a Spanish noble who bore two anchors on his shield.

Annulet
TheĀ annuletĀ is a plain ring. As a closed circle, it is symbolic of continuity and wholeness. The Romans are said to have worn a ring as a sign of knighthood and rings are still used at some coronations and in the institution of knighthood.

TheĀ annuletĀ may have been borne to indicate that the bearer had the superior qualities of a knight. In some circles an annulet represented riches.

On English arms, anĀ annuletĀ was a mark of cadency signifying the fifth son.

Ant
The symbol of theĀ antĀ traditionally signified one who was a strong laborer, wise and provident in all his affairs.

TheĀ antĀ is not a very common symbol in heraldry, but when depicted theĀ antĀ is usually accompanied by a drawing of anĀ anthill.

TheĀ antĀ may also be referred to as an Emmet.

Antelope
TheĀ antelopeĀ which is also referred to as an ibex or a springbok has three main symbolic meanings in heraldry.

It represents someone who is skillful at music and a lover of harmony, someone with a keen mind for politics and the ability to foresee times and opportunities well, and lastly, a person who is unwilling to assail his enemies rashly, who would prefer to stand his ground than risk harming another wrongfully. Thus, theĀ antelopeĀ signifies harmony, polity and peace.

TheĀ antelopeĀ has also been used occasionally as an emblem of purity and fleetness.

Early representations of theĀ antelopeĀ did not look much like the real animal, as they were likely drawn from descriptions. That figure is now referred to as a heraldic antelope, as opposed to the later version, which has a more natural aspect.

Antique Crown
TheĀ crownĀ is an emblem of victory, sovereignty, and empire. It is a visible sign of success, thus the termĀ ā€˜crowning achievementā€™, and its significance as the decoration of the ultimate level of rank and power, makes bearing the crown a great honor.Ā CrownsĀ are also symbols of God, as he is considered by some to be the ā€˜King of allā€™. The wordĀ crown, blazoned without any additional details, usually implies a ducal coronet without a cap.

TheĀ easternĀ orĀ antique crownĀ has a gold rim with eight sharp, triangular rays, only five of which are seen.

It is given to British subjects who have distinguished themselves in service in the East and it is also often born by merchants, the association being that they are like the magi.

Towns where these merchants had had a long-standing trade also often adoptedĀ eastern crownsĀ into their arms.

Anvil
The symbol of theĀ anvilĀ borne on a shield or coat of arms indicates that the first bearer was a smith. It is rarely found in heraldry.

Ape
In heraldry, theĀ apeĀ is a symbol of sin, malice, craftiness and lust. It is thought to have indicated a moral obligation on the part of the bearer to conquer all sins, and been a reminder of oneā€™s morals, ethics and religion.

TheĀ apeĀ is not a very common symbol in heraldry but when it is found it is usually ā€˜collared and chainedā€™, with the collar encircling its waist rather than its neck. It is found as a charge on shields and crests, and as a supported in coats of arms.

A story exists that centuries ago, Thomas, the infant son of Maurice Fitzgerald, was snatched from his cradle by a tameĀ ape, carried to the edge of the battlements at the top of the castle and safely returned to his cradle. The Fitzgerald crest commemorates this even with the image of an ape.

Apples
ApplesĀ signify liberality, felicity, peace and salvation. Fruit of all kinds was considered to be evidence of Godā€™s kindness and a symbol of the goodness of providence.

Apre
TheĀ apreĀ orĀ aprĆØsĀ is an imaginary creature with a body that resembles a bull and the tail of a bear. It is extremely uncommon in heraldry.

Arrow
TheĀ arrowĀ is said to be a weapon ā€˜destined for avengementā€™. In heraldry,Ā ArrowsĀ andĀ arrowheadsĀ alone symbolize martial readiness.

In the case of Polish armory, bows andĀ arrowsĀ signify a man resolved to challenge himself to the utmost in battle, and who has prepared himself to the fall in the fight.

The pheon is as specific type of arrowhead of ancient origin, made of fine steel. It is a cleverly designed weapon that was very dangerous since it has a barbed inner edge that makes extraction difficult.

It symbolizes dexterity and nimbleness of wit, as people with these traits are able to penetrate and understand complicated problems.

ArrowheadsĀ without barbs, but still having space between the shaft and the arrow itself, are termedĀ ā€˜broad arrowsā€™Ā and this distinction is very stringently adhered to.

Devices associated with warfare and military defense are frequently found in heraldry.

B

Badger
TheĀ badgerĀ is an animal noted for his fierceness and courage in fighting to defend his home. The image of theĀ badgerĀ is a symbol of bravery, perseverance and protection.

It is not a common symbol in heraldry; however, it is a typically English one.

Bagwyn
TheĀ bagwynĀ is an imaginary animal with a head drawn like a heraldic antelope, the body and tail of a horse and the horns long and curved backwards. It is not commonly found in heraldry.

Balance
BalancesĀ have traditionally been a symbol of justice. They are still used today in heraldry as a symbol of an unbiased court system.

Banner
TheĀ bannerĀ is a sign of victory and self-assertion.Ā BannersĀ borne on the shield or as a crest are often references to a special military action where a flag was captured, otherwise an indication of gallant service.

BannersĀ may also indicate that a member of that family was once a standard-bearer. There are very specific guidelines on the size of aĀ bannerĀ designated for each rank, though it is doubtful whether they were followed very closely.

The principle distinction between aĀ bannerĀ and a flag, standard of pennon etc, is that aĀ banner is always square while the others are elongated.

As a charge in heraldry theĀ bannerĀ is usually hung from the battlements of a castle or carried by the figure of some creature, such as the paschal lamb (a holy lamb with a halo), which is nearly always depicted with aĀ banner.

Barrel
Barrels, casks or tunsĀ were used to hold beer or wine. In heraldry, it is probably borne on arms to indicate that the original bearer was a vendor of beer or wine, or an innkeeper.

It is usually figured lengthways, but if blazoned a hogshead or a tub it should maybe be drawn upright.

It is often used as a pun on names ending in ā€˜tonā€™, for example the crest of ā€˜Hoptonā€™ depicts a lion hopping on a tun.

Bars
AĀ barĀ is the diminutive of aĀ fesse, which is a wide horizontal stripe in the center of a shield.

The rules of heraldry strictly state that there cannot be more than oneĀ fesseĀ on a shield so if two charges with this character occur, they are calledĀ barsĀ and a singleĀ barĀ is narrower than aĀ fesse.

Narrow, horizontalĀ barsĀ across a shield is said to be an appropriate device for one ā€˜who sets theĀ bars of conscience, religion, and honor against angry passions and evil temptations.ā€™

The diminutive of theĀ barĀ is the barrulet, which is almost always born in a pair of two barrulets, placed close together, referred to as one bar gemel.

Bars gamelĀ were awarded for acts of particular bravery in times of war,Ā  and a field composed of an even number ofĀ barsĀ between four and eight is described asĀ ā€˜Barryā€™, with the exact number specified; with end or more it is calledĀ ā€˜barrulyā€™.

Bat
TheĀ batĀ was an intimidating heraldic symbol used to inspire fear in enemies.

In heraldry, it is usually represented displayed, with wings open and facing the observer.

It is sometimes blazoned by the old nameĀ rere-mouse.

Quoted from Shakespeareā€™s A Midsummerā€™s Night Dream, ā€˜Some war withĀ rere-miceĀ for their leathern wings.

Battering Ram
TheĀ battering ramĀ is an ancient war machine that is a symbol of determination, especially in war. The image of theĀ battering ramĀ may have also been granted to someone, who was greatly skilled it its use, or who oversaw it during wartime.

It is not a device found frequently in heraldry and it does not resemble a realĀ battering ramĀ either.

It consists of a ramā€™s head on the end of a log, with ropes encircling it and hooks attached to them, presumably to hold it up.

BattleĀ Axe
TheĀ battle-axeĀ is a symbol of authority and of the execution of military duty. TheĀ battle-axeĀ denoted a warlike quality in its bearer.

TheĀ battle-axeĀ was a veering introduced to heraldry as a token of the crusades, which began shortly after the rise of heraldry itself.

Though other axes are used as devices in heraldry, theĀ battle-axeĀ is distinct because of its blade that it firmly mounted on the shaft and penetrates though it to the other side. It is a common symbol on a crest.

Beacon
TheĀ beaconĀ orĀ cressetĀ was an alarm signal placed on high hills, church towers or city gates. On crests it is drawn as an elevated basket overflowing with flames. It was the watchmanā€™s duty to fire it if he saw that the next nearest had been fired. Thus, the warning of an enemyā€™s approach was conveyed inland from the coast with great rapidity.

In heraldry, theĀ beaconĀ signifies one who is watchful, or who gives the signal in times of danger.

The handĀ beaconĀ or pitch pot and the lantern are also symbols that represent spiritual illumination.

The metaphorical association is derived from the fact that the light was used for finding oneā€™s way in the dark. It may also indicate that the bearer oversaw warningĀ beacons.

Bear
TheĀ bearĀ was thought to possess diplomacy equal to its great strength and it is the emblem of ferocity in the protection of kindred.

In heraldry, aĀ bearĀ is also a symbol of healing and personal health, strength and bravery.

BearsĀ are often in the arms of names that sound somewhat like the animal such as Baring and Barnes. The bear is usually muzzled but not always.

Bears ā€˜paws are also often found as crests or symbols on shields.

Beaver
TheĀ beaverĀ denotes industry, perseverance and determination. It was officially adopted as Canadaā€™s national symbol in an Act passed by the Canadian Parliament in 1975 and is often found in arms granted to families connected in some way to Canada.

Bee
In heraldry, theĀ beeĀ is a sign of industry, creativity, wealth, diligence and eloquence. The Egyptians used it as a symbol of regal power. In armory, it is used to represent well-governed industry.

The Emperor Napoleon gave theĀ beeĀ considerable importance in the French armory by adopting it as his personal badge. They also appeared on the mantle and pavilion around the armorial bearings of the empire, as well as on his coronation mantle.

TheĀ beeĀ is undoubtedly the most popular insect found in heraldry, and even theĀ beehiveĀ occurs often as a crest.

Bell
BellsĀ signify the supposed power ofĀ church-bellsĀ to disperse evil spirits in the air and their invocation of guardian saints and angels.

AĀ hawkā€™s bellĀ would denote one who feared not to signal his approach in either peace or war.

AĀ CanterburyĀ bellĀ is a sign of pilgrimage.

AĀ bellĀ is assumed to be aĀ church-bellĀ unless it is blazoned otherwise.

Bend
TheĀ bendĀ is a broad, diagonal band across the shield representing either a scarf worn like a sash, or the shield suspender of a knight or military commander.

It has often been granted to those who have distinguished themselves as commodores.

TheĀ bendĀ signifies defense or protection and is a bearing of high honor. Unless it is specified otherwise the bend is assumed to go from the upper right corner of a shield to the lower left.

TheĀ bend sinisterĀ follows the opposite diagonal.

According to old theorists theĀ bendĀ should occupy one third of the surface of a shield, though it is usually drawn slightly more narrowly than this.

A charge half the width of aĀ bendĀ is termed aĀ bendlet, and if six or eight of these pieces occurs on a shield it is termedĀ ā€˜bendyā€™, though the mark of illegitimacy though the number must be specified.

TheĀ bend sinisterĀ has been used occasionally as a mark of illegitimacy though this is not commonly the case. More often a bendlet sinister is used, or a baton sinister, which is a bendlet that does not extern to the very edges of the shield.

Bezant
TheĀ bezantĀ was the coin of Byzantium.

It is represented by a goldĀ roundel, aĀ roundelĀ being a general name applied to any circular charges of color or metal. It is thought that theĀ bezant, also sometimes called a talent, was introduced into armory at the time of the Crusades.

It is the emblem of justice and of equal dealing among people. In heraldry, the sign of theĀ bezantĀ is borne by those deemed worthy of trust and treasure.

Billet
TheĀ billetĀ represents a letter folded for transmission. It has the form of a plain rectangle and it occurs more frequently when a field of a superior charge is described asĀ billetteĀ orĀ seme, which means that there are many smallĀ billetsĀ distributed over it, alternating in the pattern of bricks.

In heraldry, it may indicate that the man granted a coat of arms with this charge was a man whose words and deeds were deemed trustworthy. It has also been suggested that lawyers and men of letters often adopted the sign of theĀ billet.

The best-known instance where this charge was used was in the shield borne over the arms of England during the joint reign of William and Mary.

Boar
TheĀ boarĀ and its various parts are frequently met with in heraldry. The boar is the symbol of intrepidness.

A champion among wild beasts, he encounters enemies with nobility and courage, and has thus come to signify the traits of bravery and perseverance.

TheĀ boarĀ is a fierce combatant when at bay and never ceases to resist, even when cornered. This device was given only to those considered fierce warriors.

AĀ wild boarĀ is referred to as a sanglier though there isnā€™t any difference from a domestic boar in the way that it is drawn.

AĀ BoarĀ may be drawn whole in various positions or couped.

Books
If open, as in the arms of the University of Oxford, theĀ bookĀ signifies manifestation.

If it is closed, as in those of the University of Cambridge, it signifies counsel.

BooksĀ are also a general symbol of learning in heraldry.

The bible is frequently mentioned as theĀ bookĀ represented in the crest or arms, though it would not appear any differently than a regularĀ book.Ā BooksĀ may also have clasps or seals that must be mentioned in the blazon.

Bordure
TheĀ bordureĀ is, as it sounds, a wideĀ borderĀ around the outside of a shield. Except for in more modern grants where theĀ bordureĀ is an original part of the shield, there is little doubt that theĀ bordureĀ is either a mark of cadency, displaying the status of a younger son or brother, or a mark of illegitimacy.

In heraldry, theĀ bordureĀ is no longer used for these purposes; except for in England where aĀ bordure wavyĀ is still a mark of illegitimacy and the bordure company serves the same purpose in Scotland.

This is by no means a mark of dishonor though; it is merely a heraldic tradition carried over from the days when it was necessary to distinguish the rightful heirs from others who might have some claim to the family title and fortune.

TheĀ orleĀ is the diminutive of a bordure and looks like the frame of a shield within the shield rather than a border. It is about half the width or a bordure. When charges are placed around the outside of it, they are said to beĀ ā€˜in orleā€™.

It was used as a mark to distinguish the arms of one branch of a family from those of another, and in some cases theĀ orle was used as a symbol of honor.

Bucket
Though their appearance is quite different, the function and symbolic meaning of aĀ water-bougetĀ and aĀ bucketĀ are similar in heraldry.

AĀ water-bougetĀ is a bag made from the skin of a goat or sheep what was used for carrying water on military expeditions. The apparatus looks like a yoke with two large bags hanging down from it and a stick that goes through both attachments to form handles on either side.

The drawing evolved over time and its latest form is more symbolic than realistically drawn.

Water-bougetsĀ and bucketsĀ were conferred on those who had supplied water to an army of a besieged place. TheĀ bucketĀ is merely the more modern way of transporting water. The commonĀ well bucketĀ is usually the type born in arms, but they can also be hooped or have feet.

They are also sometimes blazoned dossers, a term that indicates twoĀ bucketsĀ hooked to a loop and carried over the back of a pack animal.

Buckle
TheĀ buckleĀ signifies self-defense and protection, as well as victorious fidelity in authority. TheĀ buckleĀ appears quite often in heraldry, sometimes oval shaped, circular of square; they are most often shaped like a heraldic lozenge, though, or a diamond with sides of equal length, especially in the armory of the continent.

AĀ buckleĀ occurs in the arms of the Prussian Counts of Wallenrodt, and it is used as a badge by the Earls of Yarborough and Chichester.

Bull
AĀ bullĀ in a coat of arms, on a crest or a shield, represents valor and magnanimity, bravery and generosity. The horns represent strength and fortitude.

Oxen, andĀ cowsĀ also appear on some crests and arms, although rarely and more often as a pun on a name such as Oxford or the town of Cowbridge.

CalvesĀ are more common in heraldry. TheĀ calfĀ is an ancient heraldic symbol traditionally associated with the characteristics of patience, submissiveness and self-sacrifice.

C

Caltrap
AĀ CaltrapĀ orĀ gal trap, and sometimes aĀ cheval trap, was an ancient military instrument with four points, arranged so that when it was thrown on the ground, it always landed on three of the four points, with the fourth pointing up.

CaltrapsĀ were scattered in the path of an enemy to impede and endanger the horses. The emblem of theĀ CaltrapĀ in heraldry indicates a fierce warrior in battle.

Camel
TheĀ camelĀ signifies temperance, patience and perseverance. In ancient times it may have been used as a sign of royalty and dignity.

TheĀ camelĀ is blazoned on very few arms.

Cameleopard
The medieval name for an ordinary giraffe was aĀ cameleopard. It was a widely held belief that crosses between animals existed, just as the mule existed and was a cross between a horse and a donkey.

TheĀ camelĀ and theĀ leopardĀ were well known animals at that time and it was likely that a crusader in the east saw an unknown animal and either he accounted for it this way or it was theorized far away at home, that the giraffe was the creature that was begotten by aĀ leopardĀ and aĀ camel.

The scarcity of these animals was further explained by the knowledge that such hybrids, like the mule, cannot reproduce.

Castle
In heraldry, theĀ castleĀ has often been granted to one who has faithfully held aĀ castleĀ for his sovereign, or who has captured on by force or stratagem.

TheĀ castleĀ signifies spiritual power and vigilance on the watch as well as home and safety. The tower is very similar to this and is an emblem of grandeur and society.

It is a symbol of defense and of a steadfast individual.

The visual difference between a tower and a castle is that a tower is a single column topped by a turret, and aĀ castleĀ usually has two towers joined by a wall with a door in it. This was a distinction that was rarely observed in ancient days, but now it is faithfully adhered to. When smaller towers surmount either aĀ castleĀ or aĀ towerĀ it is calledĀ ā€˜triple-toweredā€™.

Cat
A symbol of a greatĀ cat, or aĀ cat-a-mountain, which refers to aĀ wildcat, signifies liberty, vigilance and courage in heraldry.

CatsĀ can be in many different positions like the lion, but they are most often blazoned passant, walking with right forepaw raised.

AĀ cat-a-mountainĀ is supposed to always be guardant, or on guard, with the head completely facing the observer.Ā CatsĀ are most common in Scottish or Irish arms.

Celestial Crown
TheĀ crownĀ is an emblem of victory, sovereignty, and empire in heraldry. It is a visible sign of success thus the termĀ ā€˜crowning achievementsā€™Ā and its significance as the decoration of the ultimate level of rank and power, makes bearing heĀ crownĀ a great honor.

CrownsĀ are also sometimes symbols of God, as he is considered by some to be the ā€˜King of allā€™. The wordĀ crown, blazoned without any additional details, usually implies a ducal coronet without a cap.

TheĀ celestial crownĀ closely resembles and eastern crown, having eight sharp, triangular rays, only five of which are seen m, with the addition of a five-pointed star on each ray. It was an ornament that frequently represented the achievements of deceased ladies and it was also often given to people or institutions connected with the church.

Centaur
CentaursĀ are well known creatures that are half man and half horse.

AĀ centaurĀ carrying a bow and arrow is called aĀ Sagittarius.

Both theĀ SagittariusĀ and theĀ centaurĀ are quite common in heraldry, especially on the continent.

King Stephen is said to have assumed the symbol ofĀ SagittariusĀ because the sun was in that sign when he ascended the throne.

TheĀ centaurĀ is a symbol of virility and one who has been eminent in the field of battle.

Chains
ChainsĀ are a symbolic representation of reward for acceptable and weighty service. They are frequently met with in continental heraldry, particularly in southern France and Spain, and they are also accessories to more common charges, for example the portcullis.

They are often accompanied by crowns and collars, meaning that the owner of that symbol is chained by a sense of obligation to the people that he serves or rules. For this reason,Ā chainsĀ and collars are also marks of honor for sheriffs and mayors, and formerly, for knights.

Chaplet
AĀ chapletĀ is a wreath without stems or ribbon, made of oak, laurel or other leaves, and carrying flowers, usually roses. In heraldry, it is a symbol of fame and is frequently part of a crest.

There is also aĀ chapletĀ that looks like a plain, broad circlet, charged at four regular intervals with stars, roses or other objects.

AĀ chapletĀ of oak and acorns is called a civic crown, but more frequently the chaplet is synonymous with wreath or garland, which is commonly made of laurel and roses.

Chess-rook
AĀ chess-rookĀ is also called aĀ castle and may have been granted to those who had captured or defendedĀ castles.

It may also have denoted one who was skillful in influencing others to act to his own benefit, as the chess player moves his pieces in the game.

It is an ancient bearing in heraldry and it also occurs quite frequently. It is a device used by the Earls of Rochford.

Chevron
TheĀ chevronĀ occurs very frequently in British and French heraldry and is comparatively rare in German heraldry.

TheĀ chevronĀ represents the foot of a house, derived from the French workĀ ā€˜chevronā€™Ā meaning rafter. It signifies protection.

TheĀ chevronĀ was granted to those who had participated in some notable enterprise, had built churches or fortresses, or had accomplished some work requiring faithful service.

TheĀ chevronĀ used to almost reach the very top of the shield and then more nearly attained the 1/3 of the surface of the shield that was allotted to it by the guidelines of heraldry. Now it is drawn lower and with a less acute inner angle to allow more devices to be represented more attractively, and an artist may draw theĀ chevronĀ at the height and angle that will best suit the accompanying charges.

TheĀ chevronel, is a diminutive of theĀ chevronĀ and is much narrower.Ā ChevronelsĀ may be stacked on top of each other or side-by-side at the same height, which is termed, interlaced or braced. A field composed entirely of an even number of chevrons is calledĀ ā€˜chevronnyā€™.

Chief
TheĀ chiefĀ is a broad band across the top of the shield that stands for authority and domination of will.

TheĀ chiefĀ has often been granted as a special reward for prudence and wisdom, as well as for successful command in war.

TheĀ chiefĀ theoretically contains the upper 1/3 of the shield, although it rarely actually does.

TheĀ chiefĀ is never surmounted by any other ordinary (a simple background symbol) except for in very exceptional cases.

A chiefĀ is also never couped (cut off before reaching the edges of the shield) or cottised (surrounded closely by smaller bars), and it has no diminutive.

Chimera
TheĀ chimeraĀ is a very odd looking creature in heraldry with the head abreast of a woman, the forepaws of a lion, the body of a goat, the hind-legs of a griffin (the legs of a lion and claws of an eagle), and the tail of a dragon. It is not found it heraldry very often and is not unlike the sphinx in many ways.

Cloud
TheĀ cloud, the symbol of the ethereal heights of heaven, represents the quality of higher truth.

They are very seldom used as bearings on arms but quite frequently arms are represented as issuing from them, particularly in French arms.

Cock
As the herald of the dawn, theĀ cockĀ is symbolic of the sun. It is also a bird of great courage in battle that will fight, if necessary, to the death. Therefore, in heraldry, it is an emblem of vigilance and courage.

TheĀ cockĀ is also used as a Christian image of the resurrection. TheĀ gamecockĀ in heraldry refers to a slightly different symbol of a cock without its comb and wattles, as was the case when birds were prepared for cockfighting. This symbol is less common, though, than a regularĀ domestic cock.

Cockatrice
TheĀ cockatriceĀ is a fabulous king of serpents, with the head and legs of aĀ cock, the wings of a dragon, and a scaly body, also like a dragon, that flows into a long-barbed tail.

It can also be called aĀ basilisk, of which legends say was produced from an egg laid by a nine-year-oldĀ cock and hatched by a toad on a dunghill. Its breath and sight were so poisonous that they would kill all who came within range.

Thus, theĀ cockatriceĀ is a potent symbol of terror. The heraldicĀ basiliskĀ is supposed to have a tail that terminates in the head of a dragon, though if such an example exists, it is very uncommon in heraldry.

Cockfish
TheĀ cockfishĀ is drawn very much as it sounds with the head and upper-body of a cock terminating in the lower-body and tail of a fish. It is a very uncommon symbol in heraldry.

Column
ColumnsĀ symbolize fortitude and constancy. It is a metaphorical heraldic device, implying that its bearer supports others who are weaker.

A serpent coiled round aĀ columnĀ signifies wisdom with fortitude.Ā Columns, also called pillars, commonly resemble ones of the Tuscan order bur are often otherwise specified. Plain Norman shafts with cushion capitals can also be found. The capital, the base and the pedestal are sometimes mentioned in the blazon.

Comb
In heraldry, theĀ combĀ is the common attribute of certain mythical female beings such as lamias, sirens, and mermaids, whose usual pose is with mirror andĀ combĀ in hand.

It have sometimes been given to those who were said to have fought or resisted the temptations of such dangerous types, but heraldry theĀ comb more often refers to aĀ wool-combĀ or the combs used in the textile industry, which is not an uncommon heraldic device.

TheĀ combĀ with no other specification in the blazon is drawn like a capital ā€˜Iā€™ on its side with teeth filling in both sides of the spine. TheĀ wool-comb, also called aĀ jersey-combĀ or aĀ flax-comb, looks like a small rake. Another type is theĀ currycomb, though this is exceptionally uncommon and has no definite representation.

Cottise
AĀ cottise, orĀ cottice, is a diminutive of anĀ ordinaryĀ such as a bend, a pale or a fess, Ā¼ of the width of that ordinary. In heraldry, it never exists alone, but always accompanies one of the ordinaries.

AnĀ ordinaryĀ is said to beĀ cottisedĀ when it is set between a pair of cotises and an ordinary may be double or treble cottised with two or three cotises on either side.

TheĀ cotisesĀ emphasize the significance of the ordinary and are usually applied to a bend.

Crab
TheĀ crabĀ is a symbol of great strength and power in gripping and holding. It occurs on the coats of arms of several families.

The sign of theĀ lobsterĀ in heraldry is also a symbol of prodigious gripping and holding power in its bearer and the symbols of its claws occur in arms more frequently than its entire body.

Allied to these two charges is theĀ crayfish, which is also referred to as aĀ crevice.

Crane
According to legend,Ā cranesĀ lived in a community in where individual members took turns standing watch.

The sentryĀ craneĀ held a stone in one claw so that if it dozed, the falling stone would wake the bird.

TheĀ craneĀ is a symbol of vigilance, justice and longevity, but nevertheless, there are instances where the crane is depicted dormant (asleep) with its head under its wing, still holding its ā€˜vigilanceā€™, as the stone is termed.

The stork and the heron, also called a Herne, are very similar to the crane. Both birds were emblems of filial duty and gratitude or obligation, and likeĀ cranes,Ā storksĀ were believed to stand watch for each other.

All three birds are usually depicted with wings close, theĀ craneĀ in its vigilance and theĀ storkĀ holding a snake, while theĀ heronĀ often holds an eel.

Crescent
TheĀ crescentĀ stands for one who has been ā€˜enlightened and honored by the gracious aspect of his sovereignā€™. It is also borne as a symbol of the hope of greater glory in heraldry.

Knights returning from the crusades introduced theĀ crescent, the badge of Islam, into the language of heraldry. The heraldicĀ crescentĀ has a very deep base and curving horns that quickly sharpen to point close together.

CrescentsĀ also represent the moon that lights the night sky for travelers, though it does not resemble the shape of a crescent moon very closely. In English arms itā€™s was also a mark of cadency signifying the second son.

The reversedĀ crescentĀ is a crescent with the horns turned down. The term in crescent indicates a crescent with the horns facing the observerā€™s left, and decrescent is a crescent facing the observerā€™s right.

Crocodile
TheĀ crocodileĀ was a mysterious and legendary beast to most people in ancient times and it was a powerful emblem of fury and power.

The uncertainty of the drawings means that in reference to the symbol in heraldry, theĀ crocodileĀ is frequently interchanged withĀ alligator.

It occurs as a crest and a supporter but is, nevertheless, an uncommon heraldic charge.

Crown
TheĀ crownĀ is an emblem of victory, sovereignty, and empire in heraldry. It is a visible sign of success, thus the term ā€˜crowning achievementā€™, and its significance as the decoration of the ultimate level of rank and power, makes bearing the crown a great honor.

CrownsĀ are sometimes a symbol of God, as he is considered by some to be the ā€˜King of allā€™.

The wordĀ crownĀ blazoned without any additional details usually implies a ducal coronet without a cap.

Crown Vallary
TheĀ crownĀ is an emblem of victory, sovereignty, and empire in heraldry. It is a visible sign of success, thus the term ā€˜crowning achievementā€™, and its significance as the decoration of the ultimate level of rank and power, makes bearing the crown a great honor.

CrownsĀ are sometimes a symbol of God, as he is considered by some to be the ā€˜King of allā€™.

The wordĀ crownĀ blazoned without any additional details usually implies a ducal coronet without a cap.

AĀ crown palisadeĀ is the name of aĀ crownĀ withĀ palisadesĀ on the rim forming the spikes of theĀ crown. This can either look like the pickets of a fence, or less correctly, like the silhouette of small houses side by side with every other one upside down, with the roof of each upside down one cut out of the metal.

The latter description is called aĀ champagne border. It is said that Roman Generals awarded the crown palisado to the one who entered the camp of the enemy first after breaking thorough their outworks.

It is also called aĀ crown vallaryĀ from the Latin vallus, which roughly translates to palisade.

Cup
In the heraldic tradition, theĀ vaseĀ and similar vessels are considered symbols of fertility in heraldry.

TheĀ cup, covered or uncovered, is also sometimes representative of theĀ chaliceĀ used in the communion or the Mass.

On the other hand, theĀ chaliceĀ used in the Eucharist may be symbolic of a laymanā€™s interest in church government. It may also be used as a symbol of faith.

Other vessels in heraldry include, drinking glasses, bowls, a pitcher, and posts, such as a pot of lilies.

Cushions
CushionsĀ have been looked on as marks of authority in heraldry and have been borne by several noble families.Ā CushionsĀ appear in heraldry more often that one might think. They appear to be quite ancient symbols, especially in Scottish heraldry.

The Earls of Moray boreĀ cushionsĀ on their arms for example.

D

Dog
TheĀ dogĀ is the emblem of faithfulness and guardianship in heraldry.

DogsĀ were considered loyal and temperate and the dog is a symbol of a skilled hunter. It was also associated with priests since priests were watchdogs against the devil.

There are several differently namedĀ dogsĀ blazoned on coats of arms. The leverer or levrier is the oldest name; the Talbot is and English hound.

Also found areĀ bloodhounds, greyhounds, mastiffs, spaniels and terriers.

DogsĀ are symbols of courage, vigilance and loyal fidelity.

Dolphin
TheĀ dolphinĀ is an emblem of safe travel, as well as kindness and charity. Though theĀ dolphinĀ is now known to be a mammal and not a fish at all, older heralds considered it the king of fish, just as the lion was king of the beasts and the eagle was the king of the birds.

From the 13thĀ century onwards theĀ dolphinĀ was the badge of the county of Dauphine in France and was borne by the Dauphins who were styled lords of Auvergne.

In the 14thcentury the title of Dauphin was adopted as the title of the eldest son of the King of France, so the charge was frequently found in the arms of the royal heir.

TheĀ dolphinĀ is always drawn curved or embowed, though aĀ dolphinĀ is in reality straight. It can be upright, swimming or ever swallowing a fish.

Dove
TheĀ doveĀ is a symbol of the soul and of the Holy Spirit. It signifies peace, gentleness and purity.

In armory, theĀ doveĀ signifies loving constancy and peace.

In heraldry theĀ doveĀ has one interesting peculiarity: it is always depicted with a slight tuft on its head, possible to distinguish it from the century, which is very much like it.

Many examples exist of aĀ doveĀ with an olive branch in its beak and an ordinary heraldicĀ doveĀ is represented with its wings close holding sprig. It can also be found, though, Volant and with its wings outstretched. TheĀ doveĀ is frequently found in the arms granted to Bishops, and it was a symbol used by St. Edward the Confessor, and ancient high king of England.

Dragon
TheĀ dragonĀ is supposed to have a keen sight, which enables it to guard treasures well. It is also said to be the most valiant of creatures; therefore, theĀ dragonĀ is a symbol of a most valiant defender of treasure.

DragonsĀ were perceived as powerful, protective, and with barbed tongues and have wings like bats with the ribs extending to the very edge of the skin.

In heraldry, great differences can be found in the way their ears are drawn and in almost all modern representations the tail is barbed, though the dragons of the Tudor period in England invariably had smooth tails.

TheĀ Chinese dragonĀ is slightly different in that it has no wings; it is occasionally used in European coats of arms. Another creature called a hydra is aĀ seven-headed dragon, which also appears in some instances.

DragonsĀ also go by the German name of lindwurm.

Duck
DucksĀ can elude their enemies in many ways, either by flying, running, swimming or diving for cover; therefore, they are a symbol for a person of many resources.

DucksĀ may be referred to by many names such as drake, mallard, teal, eider-duck, moorhen, and Sheldrake. They all refer to the same symbol, though, except for the shoveller or sholarde, which is distinguished by a tuft on the back of its head and its breast.

In addition, theĀ gannetĀ is aĀ duckĀ represented without beak or legs. Like theĀ martlet, a footlessĀ swallow, theĀ gannetĀ is held to be a good bearing for one who is ā€˜prompt and ready in the dispatch of his businessā€™.

TheĀ gannetĀ may also represent one who must ā€˜subsist bye the wings of his virtue and meritā€™ being unable to rest on land.

E

Eagle
TheĀ eagleĀ was a symbol born by men of action, occupied with high and weighty affairs. It was given to those of lofty spirit, ingenuity, speed in comprehension, and discrimination in matters of ambiguity.

The wings signify protection, and the gripping talons symbolize ruin to evildoers. The eagle is held to represent a noble nature from its strength and aristocratic appearance, as well as its association with the ancient kings of Persia, Babylon and the Roman legions, having been the official ensign of those empires.

Since then, other empires and nations have also adopted the eagle as their symbol, such as the German third Reich and the empire conquered by Napoleon.

In heraldry, theĀ eagleĀ is also associated with the sun.

As a Christian symbol, theĀ eagleĀ represents salvation, redemption and resurrection.

TheĀ eagleĀ has been represented over the centuries in a variety of different ways: wingtips pointed up or down, wings closed or rising, or the eagle displayed from above with one or two heads.

Parts of theĀ eagleĀ such as the head, wings, legs or talons, are also often symbols in heraldry.

An interesting form of theĀ eagleĀ is theĀ alerion, which is drawn without the beak or the legs. It is thought to represent a formerly great warrior who was seriously injured in combat and is no longer able to fight.

TheĀ ospreyĀ may also be classed with theĀ eagle. It is always represented as aĀ whiteĀ eagleĀ and is referred to in heraldry as aĀ sea-eagle.

Elephant
TheĀ elephantĀ is a symbol of huge strength and stature, wisdom and courage. In heraldry, it is a very appropriate bearing for those who have distinguished themselves in the East.

TheĀ elephantā€™sĀ head or tusks are more common that the wholeĀ elephant, but even this can be found on some crests and in coats of arms.

Enfield
TheĀ EnfieldĀ is a fictitious animal with the head of a fox, chest of a greyhound, forelegs of an eagle, body of a lion, and hind legs and tail of a wolf. It occurs often in Irish heraldry.

Escallop
TheĀ escallopĀ is one of the most widely used heraldic symbols in all countries. Before the days of heraldry the symbol was the emblem of St. James, the patron saint of pilgrims and consequently theĀ escallopĀ was introduced into armory to signify a soldier who had make long journeys or voyages to far countries, borne considerable naval command, or gained great victories.

It is an emblem of safe travel and is found on the shields of many families during the time of the crusades. Because its shells, once separated, can never be rejoined, theĀ escallopĀ is also an emblem of fidelity.

Escarbuncle
TheĀ escarbuncleĀ is a symbol of supremacy in heraldry and it is an interesting example of a charge developed by the evolution of the shield itself. In ancient warfare iron bands stemming from the center and radiating outwards were used to strengthen the shield for better protection in battle.

Over time the pattern made by these brands was adopted as a charge and called in heraldic terms anĀ escarbuncle. However, it is also accepted as a representation of a brilliant gem.

Eye
In heraldry, an eye signifies the providence in government.Ā 

F

Fasces
The RomanĀ fasces, or lictorsā€™ rods are a bundle of polished rods bound around a battle-axe.

AW lector was a civil officer who attended and carried the faces before a Roman consul, both to indicate his status as an important person and to clear a way through the crowds.

Thus, it indicated a superior magistrate, but it also symbolized the power over life and death that he might have, for example, as a judge.

In heraldry, this symbol of magisterial office was often included in grants of arms to Mayors and Lord Mayors.

Falcon
In heraldry, theĀ falconĀ orĀ hawkĀ signifies someone who was hot or eager in the pursuit of an object much desired. It is frequently found in the coats of arms of nobility, form the time when theĀ falconĀ played an important social role in the sport of kings and nobles.

It is found as a heraldic bearing as early as the reign of King Edward II of England.

TheĀ falconĀ was also the badge of one of King Henry VIIIā€™s wives, Anne Boleyn and was later adopted by her daughter Queen Elizabeth I.

TheĀ falconĀ is frequently found ā€˜belledā€™, with bells on one or both of its legs. It may also be ā€˜jessed and belledā€™ meaning that the jess, the leather thong that ties the bell to the leg, is shown with the ends flying loose; or it may be hooded, which is howĀ falconsĀ were carried on the wrist until flown.

TheĀ falconĀ is indistinguishable, in heraldry, from the sparrow-hawk, goshawk, kite, or merlin, though they may be described that way in blazon.

TheĀ falconsā€™Ā head is a common symbol on a crest; it can also be found preying on something, which is termed trussing, rising or close.

Feathers
FeathersĀ are a very common charge in heraldry, which is not surprising considering that during a tournament helmets were more frequently ornamented withĀ feathersĀ than with family crests.

Consequently, the plume became the actual, inheritable family crest for many families.Ā FeathersĀ signify willing obedience and serenity of mind.

AĀ plumeĀ is a term usually reserved for a grouping of five or more feathers. If they are arranged in two rows it is called aĀ double plume, and in three aĀ triple plume, etc.

TheĀ feathersĀ commonly used were ostrichĀ feathers, though on crests they can appear in many shapes and colors for example, the badge worn by John of Gaunt was an ermine ostrichĀ feather.

Peacock continental heraldryĀ feathersĀ often adorn the sides of crests as well as appear as more central charges.

When aĀ featherĀ is crossed at the quill by a scroll of parchment it is called an escrol. The is the device that appears on the shields of the Edward the Black Prince, the son and heir of King Edward III, who bore three escrols on a field of black.

Three feathersĀ encircled by a coronet is the current badge of the Prince of Wales, as it has been since the time of Henry VIII.

Fer de Moline
AĀ fer de Moline, or mill-rind is the iron clamp in the center of a grindstone that provides support. It represents industry and purpose and may also have been used as the sign of a miller. The mill-rind is also symbolized by the Cross Moline, or ā€˜millerā€™s crossā€™.

Fesse
TheĀ fesseĀ is a broad, horizontal band across the center of the shield that represents the military belt and girdle of honor of the ancients. It signifies that the bearer must always be in readiness to act for the wellbeing of the people. It is supposed to occupy a full third of the height of the shield, though it is seldom drawn this way, and it is subject to the lines of partition.

Its position is directly across the center of the shield unless the fesse is described as enhanced or abased. There can only be oneĀ fesseĀ on a shield. If more than one is present, they are termed bars.

Fetterlock
Some state that theĀ fetterlockĀ is a device for hobbling horses while others say that it is a handcuff or a prisonerā€™s bolt. Whatever the case, it is an emblem of victory.

TheĀ fetterlockĀ is as honorable bearing in heraldry that may have represented someone in the middle Ages who had taken his enemy prisoner, or who could, by either his prowess or his charity, redeem any of his fellow soldiers ransomed in captivity. It is also referred to by the names ofĀ shacklebolt, shackbolt or manacle.

Sir Walter Scott represents King Richard I bearing theĀ fetterlockĀ as his device when proceeding to the release of Ivanhoe.

Fish
FishĀ are held to be suitable marks for military families as they are symbols of prowess and fortitude. They are also symbols of the forces of industry and science, and emblems of the Christian faith of the bearer, especially in early coats of arms.

Though there are often specific names blazoned on crests and arms withĀ fish, there usually isnā€™t any consistent difference between the way each fist is drawn in heraldry and often the names are intended as puns on the name of the bearer or are in reference to characteristics of the land owned by that family.

In ancient times the rolls only mentioned a few variations but later grew to include between thirty and forty different species, such asĀ salmon, haddock, cod, herring, trout, eel, chub, ling, whiting, burbot, roach, and many more obscure types.

In early armsĀ fishĀ were only drawn upright, or hauriant, but nowĀ fishĀ can be found in a wide variety of positions.

Flames
FlamesĀ are held to signify zeal, as one may be consumed by zeal as byĀ flames.

FlamesĀ are also a symbol of passion, spiritual energy, rebirth and purification.

FlamesĀ have often been used as a torture and therefore may signify one who has undergone severe trials, however flames on a coat of arms is often specific or without a symbolic meaning. For example, the phoenix and the salamander are always accompanied byĀ flames, and the flaming sword is a device as well.

TheseĀ flamesĀ do not likely have a separate symbolic meaning from the object they accompany; however, the flaming torch on the crest of Sir William Gull is probably an allusion to the skill with which he kept theĀ flameĀ of life burning in the Prince of Wales, while he was very seriously ill in 1871.

Flaunches
FlanuchesĀ are segments of a circle with a large diameter, that project into the filed from either side of the shield. They are a different color that the field and are referred to by the various names ofĀ flinches, flanks or flanques. They are always borne in pairs.

FlanunchesĀ were granted by sovereigns as a reward for virtue and learning, especially for services as an ambassador.Ā FlasquesĀ are the diminutives ofĀ flaunchesĀ and do not project as far into the shield. Vioders are ever smaller and are incapable of bearing a charge.

Square flaunchesĀ are drawn like two projecting triangles. The term in theĀ flank, or in theĀ flaunch, is used to signify at the side.

Fleam
TheĀ fleamĀ was the barber-surgeonā€™s knife used for bleeding people to let the poison out of their systems, so that they could maybe recover from whatever ailed them. It is an appropriate bearing in heraldry for a physician or surgeon and it is also closely connected with the occupation of a farrier, who would have bled horses to cure their illnesses as well.

AĀ fleamĀ may also be referred to as aĀ fleme, flegme, or a lance.

Flint
FlintĀ and steel were the ancient components necessary for producing fire. In heraldry, they are borne as tokens of the bearerā€™s readiness for zealous service.

The furison, the instrument by which fire was struck fromĀ flint, is also a heraldic charge and would have a similar symbolic meaning. John, the Earl of Flanders used a flint stone and steel as a device, which was inherited by his son. His son, Phillip the Good founded the order of the Golden Fleece and the collar of this order bearsĀ flintĀ stones and steels.

Fly
TheĀ flyĀ is a bearer of pestilence in heraldry and may have been adopted as a symbol to ward off evil and pestilence.

With all its variations it is not an uncommon charge found on crests and coats of arms. The wordĀ flyĀ likely refers to a commonĀ housefly, butĀ flies, bees and beetles seem too often be confused in heraldic drawing.

TheĀ butterfly, however, is unmistakable and is usually drawn Volant en arriere, as seen from above with its wings open.

TheĀ harvest-fly is similar except that it only has two wings instead of four and its legs are prominently shown; what it represents in nature is impossible to say.

TheĀ gadfly, which is frequently blazoned as a gad-bee, is really a brimsey or aĀ horsefly. TheĀ silkworm-flyĀ also exists, as does aĀ stag beetle, though they are rarely found in heraldry.

Fountain
The heraldicĀ fountainĀ is a roundel or a circle, crossed with wavy bands of blue and white. It represents a pool or spring of pure water and was borne as a symbol of purification.

Other shields display realistic looking fountains rather than symbolic ones. TheĀ wellĀ is very similar to this as a symbol of purification and rebirth.

Fox
In heraldry, theĀ foxĀ was a common symbol for the devil during the middle ages.

One of the oldest tales about theĀ foxĀ describes it feigning death in order to trapĀ fox.

ThisĀ foxĀ is a symbol of the devil tempting manā€™ therefore, it may be a reminder to the bearer to say alert and resist temptation.

TheĀ foxĀ was also used to symbolize the struggle of the ordinary common folk against the feudal baron. It is therefore a symbol of one who will use all his shrewdness, against the feudal baron.

In heraldry, it is therefore a symbol of one who will use all his shrewdness, sagacity, wit or wisdom for his own defense.

It occurs quite frequently as a heraldic charge.

Fret
TheĀ fretĀ has been called the ā€˜heraldic true lovers knowā€™. It consists of a thin border of a diamond of equal sides, interlaced with a cross make of tow bendlets (thin bars), running from corner to corner in the form of a saltire (X).

TheĀ fretĀ signifies persuasion in heraldry. In early days the charge was interchangeable with a quarter or aĀ field fretty, which is simply interlacing bendlets going diagonally right and left. In fact,Ā frettyĀ was the original pattern.

TheĀ fretty patternĀ represents a net and signifies persuasion.

Fusil
TheĀ fusilĀ represents a spindle formerly used in spinning, and it is an ancient symbol of labor and industry.

TheĀ fusilĀ is a diamond drawn point up and more elongated than a lozenge, which is square, though in early times there was no distinction between a lozenge and a fusil.

In many casesĀ fusilsĀ andĀ lozengesĀ have been used indifferently to best suit the shape of the shield that they were drawn on, though the distinction is not generally observed in heraldry.

Fylfot
TheĀ fylfotĀ was introduced to the world and therefore also into heraldry at a very early period. It was a symbol used constantly by the Greeks in their clothing, architecture and pottery.

The symbol resembles four Greek capital gammas united at the base and this is where its alternate name, gammadion, is derived from.

But it is also found in the Egyptian catacombs and is aided to have been known in China and India long before Christianity, yet it also appears on coins of the Saxon king Ethelred in England in the 9thĀ century. The Sanskrit work for this symbol is ā€˜swastikaā€™.

Many people, including the Romans, Celts, Franks, Hindus and Yacatans have used the fylfot as an emblem of felicity. Before it was appropriated and brought into disrepute by the Nazi party, the fylfot was a good luck charm.Ā 

G

Gauntlet
GauntletsĀ or armored gloves symbolize a man arrived and ready to make war.

The ancient form of aĀ gauntlet, at least in heraldry, was more like an armored mitten, but it is now more often drawn with fingers, than not.

It is necessary to distinguish between a right and leftĀ gauntletĀ in the blazon of the arms, as these are very important details.

Goat
In heraldry, theĀ goatĀ is a symbol of practical wisdom and an emblem of a man who wins victories through diplomacy means, rather than by force, it may also represent own who is willing to work hard for high honors.

TheĀ goatĀ was associated with Christ, since both were partial to high places and had sharp eyes. A man bearing this symbol was thought to have God on his side.

TheĀ goatĀ is a symbol that is often found in armory. It can be in the positions of passant (walking), statant (standing), salient (springing) or rampant (in the fighting position).

Golpe
A purple roundel is called aĀ golpe, a roundel being any circular charge of color or metal. It is an ancient heraldic symbol representing a wound inflicted in battle.

Grapes
GrapesĀ are symbolic of good luck in heraldry. Though they are not easily distinguished from vines thy do appear in heraldry occasionally.

FruitĀ of all kinds was considered to be evidence of Godā€™s kindness and a symbol of the goodness of providence.

Grasshopper
TheĀ grasshopperĀ has been used as an emblem of nobility and of wisdom in heraldry. It is only occasionally found in coats of arms.

Grenade
The symbol of theĀ grenadeĀ in heraldry was bestowed on those who had endured terror while under siege or in battle.

Visually, it is not unlike thatĀ bombshell, though theĀ grenadeĀ appears to have several fuses.

TheĀ bombshellĀ is aĀ hollow cannon ball, with a round hole at the top through which the shell is stuffed with a tallow-soaked fuse and ignited.

It also may signify that the first bearer was an artilleryman, or that he had survived the danger ofĀ bombshellsĀ in battle. TheĀ cannonĀ is a figure in more recent grants of arms with the same symbolic meaning.

Griffin
TheĀ griffinĀ is a mythical creature, with the head, wings and talons of an eagle and the body and hind legs of a lion. It is thus composed of the most royal of the birds and the beasts.

TheĀ griffinĀ was thought to find and guard mines of gold and hidden treasures. It is a distinctive feature of theĀ griffinĀ is that it has ears, which are large and stand up from its head.

This is the only feature that differentiates aĀ griffinā€™sĀ head from anĀ eagle. In heraldry, theĀ griffinĀ can be found in all sorts of positions, but a female griffinā€™s wings are never closed.

AĀ male griffin, for some reason, does not have wingsā€™ instead it is adorned with spikes at various points on its body and theĀ male griffinĀ is seldom found.

In the middle ages hybrids such as this one was assumed to be possible and to exist, just as a mule, which is a cross between a horse and a donkey. Mules were known to not be able to reproduce though, so it seemed logical that a hybrid like aĀ griffinĀ would not be able to either. This explained whyĀ griffinsĀ were so rare and hardly ever seen.

Gyronny
TheĀ gyronnyĀ is a decorative pattern that stands for unity in heraldry.

AĀ gyron, sometimes also called anĀ esquire, is a line that divides a square compartment of a coat or arms from corner to corner.

GyronnyĀ refers to the entire shield being divided this way, first in a cross and then per saltire (diagonally), so that the shield is divided into eight compartments.

Less commonly a shield may be specified to beĀ gyronnyĀ of six, ten, twelve or more pieces.

The compartments are usually tinctured with two alternating colors beginning with the upper left compartment of the shield.

The origin of the word is from the Spanish ā€˜gyronā€™, a triangular piece of cloth sewed into a garment. A shield gyronny is frequent in Scottish arms.Ā 

H

Hammer
TheĀ hammerĀ is a symbol of force and dominance in heraldry. It is an honorable symbol, since iron is a very useful metal and it was therefore more precious to people, in early times, than gold. For this reason, theĀ hammerĀ may be born crowned.

The martel was a militaryĀ hammerĀ used in conflict, and theĀ hammerĀ can be found under this name in ancient rolls. It is even still borne by some French families of Martel.

TheĀ double-headed hammerĀ was the chief emblem of the Norse god Thor. TheĀ hammerĀ is also one of the chief emblems of a smith, which may indicate that the first bearer of the arms was also a smith.

Hare
TheĀ hareĀ was probably introduced into heraldry as a symbol for one who enjoys a peaceable and retired life and theĀ rabbitĀ likewise. Also, sinceĀ rabbitsĀ andĀ haresĀ reproduce prodigiously, they have become symbols for lust and great fertility.

TheĀ HareĀ is much less common than theĀ rabbit, which is also called aĀ Coney.

Harpy
In Greek mythology, theĀ harpyĀ was the spirit of the wind, particularity the hurricane. It is represented by a virginā€™s face, neck and breast, the body of a lion and the wings and talons of a vulture or an eagle.

TheĀ harpyĀ is a symbol of ferocity under provocation. It is particularly found in German heraldry, though it can also be found elsewhere, and the German name for it isĀ jungfraunadler.

Hawkā€™s Lure
Hawkā€™s luresĀ in heraldry indicate one who was fond of noble pursuits, such as hunting and falconry. TheĀ lureĀ was constructed using a pair of wings, fashioned to resemble a bird. It was thrown up into the air to help retrieve the falcon, or hawk when it had flown too far afield after the quarry. It symbolizes a signal used to recall the absent from afar.

Heart
The ancients regarded theĀ heartĀ as the mark of a person of sincerity, who spoke the truth.

It is sometimes used in heraldry in this sense, but more often as an emblem of kindness and charity.

On the shield of Douglas, the heart alludes to the well-known attempt by Sir James Douglas to carry theĀ heartĀ of Robert the Bruce to the Holy Land in 1328.

TheĀ heartĀ may also be flammant or crowned; the flamingĀ heartĀ stands for ardent affection.

Hedgehog
TheĀ hedgehog, which usually referred to as an urcheon in heraldic terms, is found in several coats of arms. It is an ancient heraldic symbol signifying a thoughtful provider. It is sometimes mistakenly blazoned aĀ porcupine.

Hippogriff
AĀ hippogriffĀ has the head, wings and fore claws of aĀ griffinĀ (which are really those of anĀ eagleĀ except that aĀ griffinĀ has large pointed ears) attached to the hind end of the body of aĀ horse.

Holly
HollyĀ was used to adorn temples and sacred palaces and its name is derived from the word holy.Ā HollyĀ is also an emblem of truth in heraldry.

HollyĀ branches are emblazoned sheaves ofĀ hollyĀ orĀ holly branchesĀ of three leaves. The termĀ ā€˜branchā€™Ā is a bit of misrepresentation, though, because theĀ ā€˜branch ā€˜is actually just three leaves tied together.

Horse
HorsesĀ are considered very spirited, powerful and beautiful animals. They were thought of like brave warriors: highly skilled fighters who loved victory and were miserable when conquered.

TheĀ horseĀ signifies readiness to act for oneā€™s country. In heraldry, it is also a symbol of speed, intellect and virility.

As a result, theĀ horseĀ will be found in arms as rampant or salient (in a fighting position), courant (running), as well as passant (walking) and trotting. It may be drawn saddled and bridled, with a rider or without.

HorsesĀ are also often found as supporters of a crest.

Hourglass
TheĀ hourglassĀ is a symbol of the flight of time and is a reminder of manā€™s mortality. Also called aĀ sandglass, this is a very uncommon charge in heraldry.

Hurt
A blue roundel, a roundel being any circular charge of color or metal, is called aĀ hurt. It is an ancient heraldic symbol signifying injury or loss.

I

Imperial Crown
TheĀ royalĀ orĀ imperial crownĀ is an emblem of empire and sovereignty in heraldry. It has a studded rim with alternating crosses and fleurs-de-lis, and it is capped, with four bands of metal meeting in the center at a small cross, mounted on a ball.

TheĀ imperial crownĀ may also refer particularly to theĀ crownĀ of the German Emperor, though, which is unique and only appears in a few crests.

In escutcheon
When borne as a charge on an actual shield, the image of a shield signifies defense.

More formally, a shield on a shield is termed an in escutcheon and strictly, if more than one appears on the shield they should be referred to as escutcheons.

When anĀ in escutcheonĀ appears on a shield it should conform to the shape of the shield on which it is placed.

In German and Scottish armory, the inĀ escutcheonĀ bears the heart of the arms, or the paternal side, but in English heraldry it is used to carry the arms of an heiress wife.

Instruments
Musical instrumentsĀ are heraldic symbols that, in general, signify festivity and rejoicing. TheĀ clarionĀ is an ancientĀ brass instrumentĀ that is held in one hand and blown over like aĀ flute.

The bearer of this sign may have been a musician orĀ ceremonial trumpeterĀ and like theĀ trumpetĀ it would signify the call to battle, or the mustering call for a crusade.

They are suitable heraldic bearings for someone who would bravely follow such a sound into battle, thoughtfulness, and gently pursuits.

TheĀ hunting horn, or bugleĀ was adopted as a symbol of the chase in heraldry and it generally indicated a man fond of high pursuits. The chase was considered the most noble of employments next to war.

More specifically, the hunting horn was the sign of a hunter. There are other instruments used as charges as well, such as pipes, tabors and others, though their specific symbolic meanings are not certain.Ā 

K

Key
TheĀ keyĀ is a symbol of knowledge and of guardianship in heraldry. TwoĀ keysĀ crossed in saltire is the emblem of St. Peter who held the keys to the gates of heaven, and this emblem is part of the insignia of His Holiness the Pope.

They occur in many ecclesiastical coats of arms but also in the arms of regular families.

Ā 

L

Label
TheĀ labelĀ was a decorative piece of fabric, usually silk. It was a popular trimming for dress and during the Middle Ages.

In heraldry, it is represented by a narrow band across the top of the shield, edged by another band from which three short bars hand down. Lately the bars have been drawn more like dovetails, like triangles inserted point first into the lower band.

In English arms aĀ labelĀ was a mark of difference indicating that the bearer was the eldest son and heir. SomeĀ labelsĀ on coats of arms can be traced to this origin.

Ladder
TheĀ ladderĀ was a symbol of fearlessness in attack as the scaling of walls withĀ laddersĀ was an extremely dangerous tactic used in laying siege to a castle. It is also a symbol of resolution in heraldry.

TheĀ scaling-ladder, that is one with hooks on the ends to go over the edge of a wall so that theĀ ladderĀ is not merely leaning against the castle, may be a reminder to stand carefully on guard.

Lapwing
TheĀ lapwingĀ bird is symbolic of strategy in heraldry because it outwits hunters by leading them away from its nest.

Those who bear the sign of theĀ lapwingĀ are shrewd strategists. TheĀ lapwingĀ also goes by the alternative names of peewhit, plover, and tyrwhitt.

Laurel
In ancient times,Ā LaurelĀ leaves were thought to be remedies against poison, as well as tokens of peace and quiet.

LaurelsĀ were also symbol of victory in heraldry, first given to the winners in the early Olympic Games and later born by the conquerors such as Julius Caesar. They are symbolic of triumph and fame, especially when it is gained after a long, inner struggle.

Sprigs ofĀ laurelĀ andĀ laurel branchesĀ are also common heraldic symbols.

Leopard
In heraldry, theĀ leopardĀ is a symbol of a valiant warrior who braves dangers with force and courage. In early heraldryĀ leopardsĀ were often represented passant guardant and there were often no less than two on a shield, while lions were usually rampant and usually no more than two.

Therefore, it could probably be more correct for the lions of England to be blazoned leopardsā€™; probably, though, the same animal was intended but different names were given to each position. In later times, both animals were called lions.

TheĀ leopardā€™sĀ head jessant is aĀ leopardĀ swallowing a fleur-de-lis. Edward III is said to have conferred the device during his wars in France, as a reward to leaders who served under him in his victorious campaigns. The idea behind the symbol is that heĀ leopardĀ of the English arms is swallowing the lily of the French coat.

Lily
TheĀ lilyĀ is the emblem of purity and innocence in heraldry. It is also a symbol of the Virgin Mary. Though it is usually represented by the fleur-de-lis, theĀ lilyĀ can also be in its natural form, which is not uncommonly found in heraldry.

Lion
TheĀ lionĀ has always held a high place in heraldry as the emblem of deathless courage, and, hence, that of a valiant warrior.

It is said to be a lively image of a good soldier, who must be ā€˜valiant in courage, strong of body, politic in council and a foe to fearā€™.

Through the somewhat dubious legend of their compassion, lions also came to symbolize Christ. As one medieval author asserted ā€˜they prey on men rather than women, and they do not kill children except when they are very hungryā€™.

TheĀ lion, with such repute of its noble nature and having the position and title of king of the beasts, is naturally one of the most common heraldic symbols on the continent of Europe.

In ancient times when animals were defined in by the position that they were in, the lion held the position of rampant. A walking cat was originally called a leopard, so the lions of England can probably be more accurately called leopards, but the popularity of theĀ lionĀ led to its acquiring many more positions, and thus the development of a terminology was necessary to describe them all.

In addition to all the positions aĀ lionĀ is found in, it can be found crowned or collared with two tails or two heads.

Lizard
TheĀ lizardĀ is an ancient heraldic symbol signifying good luck.

It is not common in coats of arms, and its proper tincture is green, or in heraldic terms, vert.

Lozenge
TheĀ lozengeĀ is a symbol of honesty and constancy and it is also a token of noble birth.

It has four sides of equal length and is positioned point up, so that it resembles aĀ diamondĀ rather than a square.

AĀ lozengeĀ throughout is aĀ lozengeĀ that has all four points touching the sides of the shield. The arms of a lady, as a maid or a widow, are always displayed on aĀ lozenge.

LozengesĀ cojoined to form a fesse of a pale are referred to as aĀ ā€˜bend lozengyā€™Ā or a ā€˜fesse lozengyā€™, or a field may be describing asĀ ā€˜lozengy ā€˜when it is formed entirely of an indefinite number ofĀ lozenges.

A mascle is anĀ open lozenge, or aĀ lozenge voided, and it is merely a lozenge with a smaller one removed from the inside. It is said to be a piece on which armor was fastened, and to represent a mesh of a net.

In heraldry, it signifies persuasion, and comparatively rare, type ofĀ lozenge, pierced in the center with a circle.

Lynx
TheĀ lynxĀ is an ancient heraldic symbol indicating that its bearer was possessed of particularly keen sight.

It does not occur very often in heraldry except as a supporter but is does occur in certain families on a crest.

It is nearly always depicted and blazoned ā€˜cowardā€™ which simply means that its small tail is between its legs and not upright.Ā 

M

Man-tiger
ManticoraĀ orĀ mantegreĀ are both names for a man-tiger, which has the body of aĀ heraldic tigerĀ and the head of an old man, with long spiral horns attached to its forehead. In heraldry, it is usually only found as a supporter for a coat of arms.

Martlet
TheĀ martlet, orĀ heraldic swallow, is a bird perceived as swift and elegant and is a device for someone prompt and ready in the dispatch of his business. It may also represent one who must subsist on the wings of his virtue and merit alone.

TheĀ martletĀ signifies nobility acquired through bravery, prowess or intelligence. On English arms it was a mark of cadency signifying the fourth son, for whom there was little doubt that there would be no land left for him to inherit.

Interestingly, this heraldic symbol was a perpetuation of the popular belief that theĀ swallowĀ has no feet. This is supported by the fact that one never does see swallow standing, but regardless.

TheĀ martletĀ is consistently drawn without feet in heraldry. If the feet are drawn the symbol becomes aĀ swallow, which is less common than theĀ martlet.

TheĀ swallowĀ is a vanguard of spring and represents a bearer of good news.

Maunch
TheĀ maunchĀ is a ladyā€™s sleeve of a very ancient pattern. It became used in heraldry from the custom of the knights who attended tournaments wearing their ladyā€™s sleeves, as ā€˜gages dā€™amourā€™ in the lists.

TheĀ maunchĀ was the symbol suitable for a man whose heart had been captured by a fair maiden.

Mermaid
In heraldry and Coats of Arms, theĀ mermaidĀ orĀ mermanĀ is a favorite symbol for seafarers, or anything related to the sea. TheĀ mermanĀ was also referred to as a triton and siren was occasionally an alternate name forĀ mermaid. Both are symbols of eloquence.

In heraldry theĀ mermanĀ is usually found as a supporter and less often as a charge on a shield.

TheĀ mermaidĀ is much more common and is generally represented with the traditional mirror and comb in her hands.

A MelusineĀ is aĀ mermaidĀ with two tails disposed on either side of her, commonly found in German heraldry.

Mirror
TheĀ mirrorĀ is a symbol of the imagination and truth. It is seldom found in heraldry except for the round mirror held in the right hand of a mermaid, but it does appear occasionally as a charge in a coat of arms or on a crest.

Moon
The image of theĀ moonĀ is a symbol of the goddess Diana and indicates, in its bearer, the serene power to endure mundane duties. It is also a symbol of the Virgin Mary.

TheĀ moonĀ was said to have the sovereignty by night that the sun had by day. TheĀ moonĀ ā€˜in her complimentā€™ signifies that theĀ moonĀ is full, and no rays are ever drawn as with the sun.

A face is usually represented in aĀ full moonĀ and sometimes in aĀ crescent moon, but this must not be confused with an ordinary heraldicĀ crescent,Ā as they are not similar.

Moorcock
TheĀ MoorcockĀ orĀ heathcockĀ is a curious bird that has the head and body of an ordinaryĀ cockĀ united with either the flat tail of black game, or two or more large tail feathers at right angles to its body. Neither variation exists.

Mural Crown
TheĀ mural crownĀ is plain gold circlet of battlements on a narrow rim. It is supposed to have been given by the Romans to the soldier that first mounted the breach in the walls of a town or fortress. In heraldry, it would also apply to the defender of a fortress or be an appropriate token of civic honor.

Musimon
A musimon is supposed to be a cross between a ram and a goat with the body and feet of a goat, the head or a ram, and four horns: two straight like a goatā€™s and tow curved like a ram. It is also called a tityron and it is very uncommon in heraldry.Ā 

N

Naval Crown
The naval crown is gold and uniquely ornamented with alternating topsails and stems of ancient galleys. This was legendarily awarded to the one who first boarded the enemyā€™s ship and now it is awarded, in arms, to distinguished naval commanders. Some heralds say that the Emperor Claudius invented it as a reward for service at sea.Ā 

Ā 

O

Oak Leaves
Oak leavesĀ are religious symbols of faith and endurance in heraldry.

Opinicus
AnĀ opinicusĀ is a very rare creature in heraldry. When it does occur it is described as similar to a winged griffin, which is the head, wings, front legs and claws of an eagle and the body, hind legs and tail of a lion, only an opinicusā€™s front legs are a lionā€™s and it has a short tail. Another description gives it the tail of a camel. It may also have the big ears of a griffin or just the head of an eagle, and sometimes the wings are omitted.

Orange
AnĀ orangeĀ is the name given to a tawny roundel, a roundel being any circular charge of color or metal. It is supposed to represent a tennis ball.

Tennis was once a game played strictly by royalty and nobles and theĀ orangeĀ indicates that the bearer was a member of that class; however, theĀ orangeĀ is seldom met in heraldry.

Ostrich
The image of anĀ ostrichĀ is symbolic of faith and contemplation in heraldry.

TheĀ ostrichĀ is represented in heraldry in its natural form and is a very common charge; in fact, it is one of the birds met with most often, after the eagle and the falcon.

Until recent times theĀ ostrichĀ was always depicted holding something in its beak such as a horseshoe or a key. The digestive capabilities of theĀ ostrichĀ have been fabulously exaggerated at times, and even now the ostrich has a popular reputation for being able to eat anything.

Early natural history books show it ingesting inedible food such as these metal objects, and it is possible that at one time ostriches were believed to eat these things. Even now anĀ ostrichĀ is seldom found without something present in its mouth.

Otter
The image of anĀ otterĀ denotes that its bearer possesses industry and perseverance, as well as an ability to return to moments of play.

OttersĀ were formerly more abundant in streams that they are now, and otter hunting was a once a common pastime, so they are born in the arms of several families and are also the supporters for some arms.

TheĀ otterĀ is most often found as a symbol in Scottish and Irish coats of arms; however, it is by no meant restricted to them.

Owl
TheĀ owlĀ symbolizes on who is vigilant and quick-witted.

The owl is always depicted in heraldry with its face affront, or facing the observer, though the body is not usually so placed.Ā 

P

Pale
TheĀ paleĀ is a vertical band down the shield denoting great defensive military strength. Protective railings were made ofĀ pales.

It has often been bestowed on those who have defended cities, supported the government of the sovereign, or stood strong for the country under stress.

The guidelines of heraldry instruct that theĀ paleĀ is to occupy on third of the width of the shield, though this is not always strictly followed. TheĀ pallet or paletĀ is a diminutive of theĀ pale. NumerousĀ palletsĀ are often found on a shield, and when the field is striped vertically it is said to beĀ ā€˜palyā€™.

Pall
As a device on a crest, theĀ pallĀ represents the ecclesiastical vestment called aĀ palliumĀ and is symbolic of archiepiscopal authority. It is the shape of a broad ā€˜Yā€™ with one end going to each corner and the end dropping almost to the bottom point of the crest or shield.

As a charge in heraldry, the end is always couped, meaning that it does not extend to the edge of the shield, and fringed. TheĀ pall, also called aĀ pairleĀ and aĀ shakefork, is often found in the arms of archbishops and Sees.

TheĀ pallĀ also occurs as an ordinary, a background symbol, especially in Scottish heraldry. Here it is usually borne with all three ends couped and pointed.

Panther
TheĀ pantherĀ is said to represent a beautiful woman who is tender and loving to her young and will defend them even with her own life in jeopardy. It is a symbol of bravery in defense of the weak.

It is difficult to know whether to class theĀ pantherĀ with actual or mythical creatures in heraldry.

Often it is depicted flammant or incensed, with flames issuing from its mouth and ears. On the continent theĀ pantherĀ is often depicted with the tail of a lion, horns, and the claws of an eagle on its forelegs.

Early armorial representations show a more natural representation, but they quickly disappear in favor of artistic creativity.

Parrot
TheĀ parrotĀ or aĀ popinjay, as it is termed in heraldry, is realistically drawn. Its image may signify distinguished service in a tropical country.

Passion Nails
Passion nailsĀ are borne as a reminder of poignant suffering that the first bearer of the arms underwent.

For example, Sir R. Logan bore the shield of three blackĀ passion nailsĀ piercing a red heart, for accompanying James Douglas to Jerusalem with the heard of Robert the Bruce.

Peacock
In ancient times, it was believed that the flesh of theĀ peacockĀ would not decay. It was therefore used in heraldry as a symbol of resurrection and immortality.

TheĀ peacockĀ represented in pride refers to a peacock observed from the front with its tail feathers splayed.

It is usually found in this position but there are also some occasions where its tail feathers are folded, particularly when itā€™s a supporter in a coat of arms.

Pegasus
An image ofĀ Pegasus, the legendary winged horse, is said to signify exceeding activity and energy of mind, whereby one may mount to honor. It is also an emblem of fame in heraldry.

This beautiful horse of mythology is not an unusual symbol in heraldry and is used often as a crest.

Pelican
The femaleĀ pelicanĀ was believed to wound her breast with her long, curved bill, drawing blood to feed her young.

The term for this is ā€˜vulningā€™ itself and there are some birds during the nesting season that grow red feathers upon their breast, which may be where the legend came from.

But for this noble act, the bird became a symbol of piety, self-sacrifice, and virtue associated with the Holy Eucharist.

TheĀ pelicanĀ in heraldry does not traditionally have the large pouched beak of the natural bird though modern representations have given it a more realistic appearance.

Also, when blazoned ā€˜properā€™ (meaning in its natural colors) theĀ pelicanĀ is traditionally given the colors and plumage of an eagle instead of its natural white.

TheĀ pelicanĀ will never be found ā€˜closeā€™ with its wings folded; it is always drawn vulning itself, possibly surrounded by its young, but regardless, is a symbol of maternal solicitude.

Pellet
A blackĀ roundelĀ is given the various names ofĀ pellet,Ā ogress and gunstone, aĀ roundelĀ being any circular charge of color or metal. BlackĀ roundelsĀ represent cannon balls and bullets and may indicate that the first bearer was an artilleryman, or that he braved the dangers of these things in battle.

It may have been intended to appear globular on the shield, rather than flat like most otherĀ roundels, so an artist may shade it accordingly. Pellettee describes a shield strewn withĀ pellets.

Phoenix
TheĀ phoenixĀ is a symbol from Greek mythology, of immortality, rebirth and renewal. Legend states that at the end of its long life, this legendary bird built a pyre of spice-wood in the desert.

It ignited the pyre by fanning its wings in the heat of the sun, plunged into the fire and was burned to ashes. Then a rejuvenated phoenix rose out of the cinders, born again.

TheĀ phoenixĀ is also a symbol of love in heraldry. It is often found as a symbol on a crest, accompanied by the flames that it rose out of renewed.

Pike
TheĀ pikeĀ is a heraldic symbol for a military family and indicates prowess and fortitude in bearers of this charge.

ThisĀ fishĀ is also a symbol of the forces of industry and science and early Christians frequently used the pike as an emblem of their faith.

TheĀ pikeĀ is frequently found inn ancient arms though it may be referred to by the alternate names ofĀ lucy, luce, ged, geddes, pyke, jack,Ā or the name of aĀ pikeĀ of the sea,Ā hake. It is distinguishable from other fish by its large head and long mouth. In early arms theĀ pike is always found hauriant, or upright, but this is not always the case anymore.

Pile
TheĀ pileĀ is a large piece of wood used by engineers in fortifications and bridge construction. The image of theĀ pileĀ was granted to military leaders for significant deeds. Or to those who showed great ability in any kind of construction.

In heraldry aĀ pileĀ looks like an inverted triangle issuing, point invaders, from any point along the crest except the base. It may, if specified, issue from the base as well, if accompanied by piles issuing from other points of the escutcheon. They may terminate in fleurs-de-lis or crosses patee.

Pineapple
Unless the arms described were granted in connection with aĀ pineapple growing country, the termĀ pineapple, in heraldry, refers to aĀ pinecone. It is symbolic of the inexhaustible abundance of life in nature.

The association is derived from the fact that the pine tree remained green in the winter when others appeared dead. But realĀ pineapplesĀ also exist in the armory.

OccasionallyĀ pineapplesĀ were granted as a symbol of distinguished service in a country where such fruit grew.

Plate
The plate is a white of silver roundel, a roundel being any circular charge of color or metal. It represents a silver coin found in Spain during the Crusades. The name comes from the Spanish word ā€˜plataā€™ meaning silver or silver coin. The plate signifies generosity in heraldry.

Pomegranate
In heraldry, theĀ pomegranateĀ is a symbol of fertility and abundance. The association is derived from the fact that theĀ pomegranateĀ is a fruit composed almost entirely of seeds and was thought to reproduce itself prodigiously because of this.

TheĀ pomegranateĀ dimidiated with a rose, meaning that the two half charges are joined, was one of the badges of Queen Mary of England, who ruled from 1553-1558.

Pomme
PommeĀ orĀ pomeisĀ is the heraldic name given to a green roundel, a roundel being any circular charge of color or metal.

TheĀ pommeĀ represents an apple and signifies good luck. Most fruit was considered a token of good luck and symbolized the generosity of nature.

It may have been intended to appear globular on the shield, rather than flat like most other roundels, so an artist may shade it accordingly.

Portcullis
AĀ portcullisĀ is a great, barred, iron gate with spikes on the bottom, suspended over the main gate of a castle to be dropped before enemies could invade the castle.

In heraldry, it signifies an effective protection in emergency, as it was used to guard the entrance to the fortress and could be suddenly lowered against a surprise attack, when there was no time to raise the drawbridge or close the weighty doors.

Borne on a shield, aĀ portcullisĀ usually indicates that the bearer is a great defender in an emergency. In some cases, it indicates that the original bearer operated theĀ portcullisĀ in a fort. It is the well-known badge of the Royal House of Tudor. It is drawn points down with chains attached to its upper corners, though the disposition of the chains is a matter left to the artist.

Q

Quarter
TheĀ quarterĀ alone is not particularly common in heraldry. It is a square in the right corner of the shield (or the left to the observer) that theoretically occupies Ā¼ of the shields surface area, though it is usually slightly smaller than this.

Of course, it often occurs, though, as a division of a field blazoned quarterly, which is divided intoĀ four quarters.Ā A canton is the diminutive of a quarter and occupies 1/9 of the field. It superimposes all other charges or ordinaries on a field and unless it is an origin charge, and not added later, it need not conform to the rule forbidding colour on colour, or metal on metal.

It is sometimes used as an augmentation of honour and it is also a mark used to distinguish the arms of one branch of a family from another, or that the name and arms of a family have been assumed where there is no blood descent.

AĀ cantonĀ in the left corner of the shield may be used as a mark of illegitimacy.

R

Rainbow
TheĀ rainbowĀ is an ancient heraldic sign of peace, sage travel, and good luck. TheĀ rainbowĀ has similar connotations of luck and peacefulness in many other cultures also. It is not often used as a charge on a shield but has been granted in crest since olden days. The proper colors of a heraldicĀ rainbowĀ are gold, red, green and silver.

Ram
TheĀ ramĀ is a symbol of authority and leadership in heraldry. A person who bore such a device on his shield was supposed to possess all the power and nobility that was attributed to theĀ ram.

It is a very common symbol in a crest or a coat of arms, as is the symbol of aĀ ramā€™sĀ head. TheĀ ram is often rampant, or in the fighting position on a crest or coat of arms, though it is also found in the positions of passant, statant and couchant.

Raven
As the collector of bright objects, theĀ ravenĀ stands as a symbol of knowledge in heraldry. It is also an emblem of divine providence.

TheĀ ravenĀ is said to be a Danish device used as a heraldic symbol very early in history. Visually no differentiation is made between the symbols of aĀ raven, a rookĀ or aĀ crow.

The symbol of theĀ crowĀ signifies that the bearer is watchful and vigilant for friends.

TheĀ Cornish choughĀ is a bird that has been called theĀ ā€˜King of Crowsā€™. It may indicate that the bearer is crafty and strategic, to the disadvantage of his enemies. It also signifies vigilance in watching over friends.

According to Cornish legend, the spirit of King Arthur inhabited theĀ chough. TheĀ choughĀ distinguished from its counterparts by its red beak and legs.

Reeds
ReedsĀ represent the just, who are said to dwell on the riverbanks of grace. TheĀ reedĀ is also one of the symbols of Christā€™s passion.

And because its clusters thickly and is a common plant, in heraldry bulrushes are symbolic of the multitude of faithful who lead a humble life and abide by the Christian teaching.

This symbol may also be granted to recall a memorable event that occurred near water where bulrushes were abundant.

Rhinoceros
TheĀ rhinocerosĀ fights with great ferocity when aroused, but never seeks combat. Borne on a shield, the symbol indicated the same characteristics in its bearer. It is a very uncommon charge in heraldry, observed in only a few instances.

Rose
TheĀ roseĀ is a symbol of hope and joy; it is first among flowers and expresses beauty and grace. With aĀ redĀ blossom, it is a symbol of martyrdom. TheĀ white roseĀ expresses love and faith and in Christian symbolism, it signifies purity.

TheĀ yellow roseĀ is a symbol of absolute achievement in heraldry. The conventional form of a heraldic rose has five displayed petals that mimic the look of a wild rose on a hedgerow.

The famousĀ Wars of Roses, between theĀ red roseĀ of the house of Lancaster and theĀ white roseĀ of the house of York, ended after the succession of the Tudors to the throne.

After this the heraldicĀ roseĀ developed a double row of petals which was obviously in effort to combine the rival emblems, although the element of increasing familiarity with the cultivatedĀ rose was also present.

During the reign of the Tudors there was a more naturalistic trend in heraldry, and stems and leaves were added to the rose. Nevertheless, heraldry has accomplished what horticulture could not, and roses will be found tinted blue, black and green, in addition to more natural colors.Ā 

S

Salamander
TheĀ salamanderĀ signified a man of faith and was also considered a sign of good luck. It is usually described as a dragon in flames of fire, and is sometimes represented this way, only without the wings.

More frequently, though, the symbol simply indicates the shape of a lizard. TheĀ salamanderĀ is best known as the personal device of Francis I, King of France, to which origin the arms of the city of Paris can be traced.

Satyr
In heraldry, aĀ satyrĀ is composed of a demi-savage, or half of a man with a few inhuman characteristics such as large pointed ears, united with the hind-legs of a goat so that he walks upright on tow hooves.

SatyrsĀ are not found in coats of arms except for supporters and occasionally their heads are found used as charges.

Satyral
AĀ SatyralĀ has the body of a lion, the face of an old man and the horns of an antelope. It is usually only used as a supporter in a coat of arms and is not particularly common in heraldry.

Scepter
TheĀ scepterĀ is a symbol of justice and a chief emblem of royal authority. It is seldom borne alone. Frequently it occurs in the hand of a king or a saint, and it can also be found crossed, saltirewise, with a sword.

Scythe
The image of a sickle or aĀ scythe, also sometimes termed a sned, expresses the hope of a fruitful harvest of things desired.

Sea horse
In heraldry, theĀ seahorseĀ is an emblem of safe travel, particularly by sea.

The heraldicĀ seahorse, however, does not resemble the natural seahorse at all. It is an imaginary creature with the head, chest and forelegs of a horse, webbed feet like a frog in place of its hooves and a scaled body that flows into the large powerful tail of a fish, which if properly drawn, circles around itself in a coil.

The mane may not be scalloped. It is a popular symbol found quite regularly in heraldry.

Serpent
TheĀ serpentĀ is an emblem of wisdom and defiance in heraldry.

In Ireland, theĀ serpentĀ may be used as an emblem of St. Patrick, an association derived from the legend of St. Patrick clearing Ireland of snakes.

SerpentsĀ also represent knowledge. There is nothing to distinguish aĀ serpentĀ or aĀ snakeĀ from any of the other names given to it in heraldry such asĀ cobra, adder, or bis.

TheĀ serpentĀ may be found in a variety of positions such as erect, gliding or fessways, or involved, meaning in a curly queue.

Ship
TheĀ shipĀ is an emblem of joy, happiness and adventure in heraldry. It usually points to some notable quest at sea, by which the first bearer became famous, but in more ancient bearings the emblem may have simply been derived from a long-standing seafaring tradition.

In heraldic terms there are three basicĀ shipsĀ that may be used as a device on a shield:Ā The ship, the lymphad and the galley. AĀ lymphad usually only has one mast and aĀ galleyĀ has three but the main differences between them are found in the shape and style of the vessel.

Because there are so many different types ofĀ shipsĀ they must be carefully described in the blazon with respect to the number of masts and top masts, the sails and the rigging.

There are alsoĀ shipsĀ in the forms of an ark, yacht, and steamer in more recent grants of arms.

Shuttle
In heraldry theĀ shuttleĀ is a symbol of industry and productivity. Sometimes in blazon it is called a weaverā€™sĀ shuttleĀ and it is often found in arms with some connection to that trade.

Spear
Though theĀ spear, the spearhead and the broken spearĀ are all very similar devices, they each have a distinct symbolic meaning in heraldry.

The spear, lance or tilting-spearĀ is an emblem of knightly service that signifies devotion to honor and chivalry.

The broken spearĀ is a symbol of peace.

On the other hand, theĀ spearhead, or javelin, is a deadly device of ancient origin, first made of iron and later of fine steel. It is said to represent dexterity and nimbleness of wit, a person able to penetrate and understand matters of the highest consequence.

TheĀ spearĀ is distinct form the lance, javelin and the heraldic tilting-spear, in that it is always drawn with a sharp point for warfare, instead of blunt, as it would have been for a tournament.

The arms of William Shakespeare were composed of a gold tilting-spearĀ of the field on a black bend.

Sphinx
TheĀ sphinx, a mythological creature derived from the Egyptian figure is usually depicted with a lionā€™s body, legs and ail and a womanā€™s head and chest.

TheĀ sphinxĀ may also at times be winged. It represents omniscience and secrecy in heraldry.

TheĀ sphinxĀ is more often used in crests than in coats of arms.

Spur
A crest or coat or arms with the device of aĀ spurĀ on it was awarded to men who had done magnificent deeds. TheĀ spurĀ could appear more ornate if it was winged, or the simpler device of aĀ spur-rowelĀ orĀ spur-revelĀ might be used.

They are more often termed ā€˜mullets of five points piercedā€™ which translates to five pointed stars with a hole in the center, or the part of the spur used to cut the horse. This was a dangerous implement, used by knights to stimulate their war-horses into action. It signifies preparedness for active service in heraldry.

Squirrel
TheĀ squirrelā€™sĀ habit of storing nuts to ensure a supply of food for the winter makes him a symbol of thrift, caution and conception in heraldry. It occurs in many English coats of arms ant it is always depicted sejant (in a sitting position), though with a squirrel the arms are always raised, and very frequently, cracking a nut.

Staff
In heraldry, theĀ staffĀ is a common symbol of office or authority.

TheĀ pastoral crosierĀ is one type ofĀ staffĀ that is an emblem of a shepherdā€™s watchfulness over his flock. It denotes Episcopal jurisdiction and authority.

Another is theĀ palmerā€™s staffĀ that is a symbol of the traveler, borne in reference to the early pilgrimages to Jerusalem.

Stag
TheĀ stagĀ has a variety of symbolic meanings in heraldry. It can indicate someone skillful in music and a lover of harmony.

It may also indicate a person who foresees opportunities well. In the latter case it is a symbol used for one who is unwilling to assail enemies rashly, who would rather stand his own ground that harm another wrongfully, and one who will not fight unless provoked.

Harmony, polity and peace are particularly associated with theĀ female deer, called a hind or a doe.

AntlersĀ represent strength and fortitude.

TheĀ stag or hartĀ is also an emblem of purity and fleetness.

TheĀ stagĀ was associated with healing, for he knew which medicinal plants to take in order to shake off the hunterā€™s arrow. The person bearing this symbol was considered impervious to weapons.

Other names for aĀ deerĀ include aĀ brocket,Ā which is aĀ young stag, a buck, roe, roebuck, and a fawn.

Staple
Although their exact meaning is not known, it is thought thatĀ staplesĀ were used as trade symbols.

It is sometimes referred to as aĀ door-stapleĀ and it is usually used in heraldry as a pun on a name like Dunstaple, for example.

StaplesĀ are drawn boldly and angularly with wide bases sharpening severely to points.

Star
TheĀ starĀ symbolizes honor, achievement and hope in heraldry.

In some cases, aĀ starĀ may represent a falling star and denote a divine quality bestowed from above, whereby men ā€˜shine in virtue like bright stars on the earthā€™.

StarsĀ with wavy points are emblems of Godā€™s goodness.

In England,Ā mulletsĀ have five points unless another number is specified. In France, aĀ mulletĀ has no less than six points.

Sun
TheĀ sunĀ is an emblem of glory and brilliance in heraldry. It is also a symbol of authority. It represents happiness, life and spirituality.

TheĀ rising sunĀ is a symbol of hope. TheĀ sun, when not rising, is always blazoned theĀ ā€˜sun in splendorā€™. The rays are alternatively straight and wavy, which symbolize the head and light that we derive from them, and the heraldic sun usually has a human face though this is not strictly necessary.

Rays of the sun, also calledĀ beams, are sometimes borne singly as in the ancient rolls, but more often they issue from other charges when described by one of the terms asĀ radiant, rayonne or rayonnant.

OneĀ ray of the sunĀ signifies ā€˜by the light of heavenā€™.

Sunflower
TheĀ sunflowerĀ signifies that just as the flower turns toward the sun, so the bearer turns to the light and glory, symbolized by the sun.

It may also be called aĀ heliotropeĀ in heraldic terms.

TheĀ marigoldĀ is an ancient heraldic emblem of devotion and piety, very close to aĀ sunflowerĀ in shape and meaning.

Swan
TheĀ swanĀ is the ensign of poets and musicians. It symbolized perfection, beauty and grace in heraldry.

For a bearer of theĀ swanĀ it represents a lover of poetry and harmony, or a learned person.

TheĀ swanĀ is a favorite symbol in heraldry, often found on crests and shields. It is most often drawn close, though it can be found in other positions as well and sometimes even swimming.

Sword
TheĀ swordĀ is said to be the emblem of military honor and should incite the bearer to a just and generous pursuit of honor and virtue. In heraldry, it is symbolic of liberty and strength.

In the Middle Ages, theĀ swordĀ was often used as a symbol of the word of God. The sword (especially borne with flames) is also a symbol of purification. When borne with a cross in the same field, theĀ swordĀ signifies the defense of the Christian faith.

The usual form is a long straight blade with a cross handle, though the blade may also be waved or imbrued. There are also specific types ofĀ swordsĀ that may be described such as theĀ falchion, which is a broad bladed, slightly curvedĀ swordĀ with a semi-circular notch at the back of the blade.

Others include a scimitar, cutlass or sabre. A sword is often depicted piercing an animal or a human heart. Two swords crossed in saltire is an emblem of St. Paul.Ā 

T

Thistle
TheĀ thistleĀ is an ancient heraldic emblem of pain and suffering. Legend states that the thistle was chosen as the royal badge of Scotland as a result of the battle of Largs in 1262.

The Danish enemy, King Harco, had landed and was advancing inland under cover of darkness, when one of his barefoot followers trod on a thistle and gave aw howl of pain that raised the alarm.

The first appearance of theĀ thistleĀ as a royal badge was in 1474, when it was stamped on the back of the silver coinage of James III. During this period badges were so largely used that it is possible that the King chose theĀ thistleĀ with this legend in mind, though he would have done so mainly to vie with the neighboring kingdom of England.

The heraldicĀ thistleĀ has a short stalk and two long leaves with the flowered head in the middle. Though it is usually represented proper it can also be found gold.

Thunderbolt
TheĀ thunderboltĀ is an ancient heraldic emblem of sovereignty, power and speed.

It is derived from the classic mythology in which the thunderbolt is ascribed to the Roman god Jupiter, or the Greek god Zeus. It occurs very seldom in heraldry and usually only in crests.

Tiger
TheĀ tigerĀ signifies great fierceness and valor when enraged to combat. In heraldry, it also symbolizes one whose resentment will be dangerous if aroused. TheĀ tigerĀ depicted in heraldry was the attempt of artist to portray an animal they had never seen and knew only by repute.

Consequently, the creature they drew bore little resemblance to the real animal.

Later theĀ BengalĀ tigerĀ was added to the armory due to the influence of India and the Eastern lands. It looks considerably more like the real animal than the heraldicĀ tiger.

The symbol of aĀ tiger and mirrorĀ together refers to the medieval belief that after capturing aĀ tigerĀ cub, on could escape from its pursuing mother by throwing down a mirror in her path. She would believe the reflection to be her cub and try to rescue it, thus giving time for the hunter to escape.

Torch
TheĀ torchĀ or firebrand signifies truth, knowledge, purification and love in heraldry.

The bearing of aĀ torchĀ in arms is granted to a zealous man who has performed some signal service. It is not a common heraldic symbol.

Torteau
AĀ torteauĀ is the name given to a red roundel, a roundel being any circular charge of color or metal. It represents the cakes of bread eaten by crusaders before long battles.

Tortoise
TheĀ tortoiseĀ signifies invulnerability to attack and is also symbolic of slow, but sure progress. In heraldry, it is usually blazoned displayed, from an above view with its legs extended to the sides; however, it can also be borne upright.

Tree
TheĀ treeĀ is a symbol of antiquity and strength in heraldry.

TheĀ oak treeĀ was sacred to the ancient Greeks and the Celts; theĀ lime or lindenĀ tree was sacred to the Germans and the ash tree was venerated by the Scandinavians.

TreesĀ allude to home or property, and they are also generally considered a symbol of life and strength.

More types ofĀ treesĀ that can be mentioned have been blazoned on shields, crests and coats of arms.

Usually theseĀ treesĀ do not differ greatly in appearance, though, and the name was only specified as either a pun on the name of the bearer or in reference to a characteristic of the land held by that family.

Sometimes aĀ hurstĀ of trees,Ā or aĀ woodĀ is found on a shield. Also, aĀ tree stumpĀ orĀ tree trunkĀ may be used as a symbol of regrowth and rebirth, especially when it is borne with branches spouting new leaves.

These symbols are not uncommonly found in heraldry.

Trefoil
AĀ trefoil,Ā or a symbol of aĀ three-leafed clover, represents the past, present and future. It is also often used as a symbol of fertility and abundance in heraldry.

TheĀ trefoilĀ is derived from theĀ shamrock, which, according to legend, was chose sans an emblem of Ireland because it was used by St. Patrick to illustrate the concept of the Holy Trinity.

TheĀ shamrockĀ also appears on some arms.

QuatrefoilsĀ are not the same asĀ shamrocks, though they do have four leaves; the leaves of aĀ quatrefoilĀ are more circular and they appear without the stem of aĀ trefoil,Ā except for very rarely.

Architects placed this symbol on churches to signify that the gospel, the harbinger of peace and immortality, was preached there. In British rules of inheritance, theĀ double quatrefoilĀ signified the ninth son.

AĀ cinquefoilĀ follows the same guidelines but unlike the quatrefoil, is very common in coats of arms. Notably theĀ cinquefoilĀ was the personal badge of Simon de Montfort, the man who led the baronial revolts against the King of England in the 13thcentury.

He likely used theĀ cinquefoilĀ as a party badge that was worn by his followers and lead to its popularization. Narcissus flowers, primroses and ā€˜fraisesā€™ or strawberries are also five-petaled flowers that fall under the category of aĀ cinquefoil.

Tressure
AĀ tressureĀ is tow small borders in the outline of a shield, set close together, one within the other. It is often decorated with flowers that look somewhat like the fleur-de-lis, inserted through the tressure. This is referred to as aĀ tressure-flory-counterflory, and it is a device that is particularly associated with Scottish heraldry.

It is said that in heraldry, the charge commemorates the alliance of Charlemagne with Archalus, King of Scotland. In return for the services of the Scots, Charlemagne added theĀ double tressure fleurs-de-lisĀ to the Scottish lion to represent that the former had defended the French lilies and therefore the latter would surround the lion to be a defense to him.

However, this story is not very securely based on fact. It is more likely that the lion andĀ tressureĀ were derived from the arms of the Earls of Northumberland and Huntingdon, from whom some of the Scottish kings were descended.

U

Unicorn
In heraldry, theĀ unicornĀ is a mythical beast, said to be famous for its virtue, courage and strength.

Its horn was believed to be a powerful antidote against poison. According to legend, theĀ unicornĀ could only be captured if a maiden was placed near a location the animal frequented. It would sense her purity and lay its head in her lap.

During the middle ages, this was taken as an allegory of Christā€™s reincarnation, with the unicorn representing Christ and the maiden, his mother.

UnicornsĀ symbolized purity, elegance and charm. Until the 17thĀ centuryĀ unicornsĀ were believed to be real animals, there were even someĀ unicornsā€™Ā hornsĀ in existence, though now they are recognized to be the horns of narwhales.

The heraldic unicorn has the body of a horse, that tail of a heraldic lion and the legs and feet of a deer. This beautiful symbol is a popular one in heraldry; sometimes the head alone is also found.Ā 

V

Vulture
The vulture does not occur often in heraldry, likely because of its association with death in nature. It does however appear on one or two crests and as a supporter.Ā 

W

Weasel
TheĀ weasel, stoat, martin, and theĀ ermine are all very similar animals that can be found occasionally as heraldic symbols.

TheĀ ermine, which the most common furs in heraldry are based on, symbolizes purity. This association comes from the legend that this small white animal preferred death to defilement.

TheĀ martinetĀ is the vanguard of spring and represents one who brings good news.

Whale
According to legend, theĀ whaleĀ was often mistaken for an island. Ships that anchored to its side were dragged down to destruction by a sudden plunge of the immense creature.

In this way, in heraldry, theĀ whaleĀ came to be used as a symbol of the Devil, and theĀ whaleā€™sĀ open mouth the open gates of hell. Perhaps this is the reason why theĀ whaleĀ is an extremely uncommon symbol in heraldry.

French heralds are said to draw the teeth red and blazon the symbol fierce.

Wheatsheaf
TheĀ garb or wheat-sheafĀ signifies plenty and commendable hospitality in the bearer. It may also mean that the harvest of the bearerā€™s hopes is secured.

One of the earliest appearances ofĀ garbsĀ in heraldry was on the seal of Ranulph, Earl of Chester who died in 1232.

GarbsĀ became identified thereafter with the Earldom of Chester, though they also appear in the arms of other families, some with a distant connection to the Earls and some without, as well as in armories of other countries.

Wheel
In the heraldic tradition, theĀ wheelĀ is used as an emblem of fortune.

It figures occasionally on rests and coats of arms, but the real heraldicĀ wheelĀ is theĀ Catherine-wheel.

According to legend, ST. Catherine of Alexandria publicly confessed to be a Christian at a feast held by the Roman emperor Maximus. When she refused to renounce her faith, she was beaten and imprisoned. An attempt was made to tear her apart on a spikeĀ wheel, but it fell apart and she was unhurt.

TheĀ Catherine-wheelĀ is the emblem of one who is prepared to undergo great trials for the Christian faith.

Wolf
The crest of aĀ wolfĀ has been granted to valiant captains who service loyally through long sieges or hard enterprises. It signifies valor and guardianship in heraldry.

WolvesĀ were viewed as ferocious and merciless and it was thought that they could paralyze their enemies with a look before destroying them. The bearer of this symbol was a deadly enemy to have.

EarlyĀ wolvesĀ were drawn very crudely and do not resemble the animal very closely so later representations are preferred.

The head of aĀ wolfĀ is particularly common in Scottish heraldry.

Wyvern
TheĀ wyvernĀ orĀ wivernĀ is a mythical beast with the upper part of a dragon, two legs and a body that curves into the tail of a serpent. In heraldry, it is usually depicted resting on its legs and tail or just on the curve of its tail with its legs in the air, in a rampant position.

TheĀ wyvernĀ was supposed to have a keen sense of sight, which enabled it to guard treasures. The bearer of this symbol may have been a keen defender or was thought to have slain aĀ wyvern.

Wyverns, like dragons, can breathe fire and can also be drawn vomiting flames.

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